Being a landlord comes with more than just collecting rent—it carries important legal responsibilities to ensure the safety, comfort, and well-being of tenants. From maintaining the property to following housing laws, landlords are legally required to meet certain safety standards. Failing to do so can result in fines, lawsuits, or loss of rental licenses.

Whether you own a single-family home, a condo, or a multi-unit building, here’s what you need to know about home safety and the legal obligations of landlords, especially in Massachusetts and other U.S. states.

1. Providing a Safe and Habitable Living Environment

Every tenant has the legal right to a safe and habitable home. This means the property must meet local and state housing codes, ensuring it’s suitable for living.

Key landlord duties include:

• Keeping the property free from health hazards such as mold, pests, or lead paint.

• Providing reliable heating, plumbing, and electricity.

• Ensuring structural safety, including the roof, floors, and walls.

• Maintaining sanitary conditions in common areas and waste disposal systems.

In Massachusetts, for example, the State Sanitary Code (105 CMR 410) outlines specific health and safety requirements that landlords must follow.

2. Fire and Carbon Monoxide Safety

Fire safety is one of the most critical landlord responsibilities. Landlords must install and maintain smoke detectors and carbon monoxide alarms in accordance with state and local regulations.

Requirements typically include:

• Working smoke detectors on every floor and outside each bedroom.

• Carbon monoxide alarms near sleeping areas and fuel-burning appliances.

• Fire extinguishers and accessible emergency exits in multi-unit buildings.

Regular inspections and battery replacements should be done to ensure compliance and tenant safety.

3. Electrical and Heating System Maintenance

Landlords are responsible for ensuring that electrical systems, furnaces, and heating units are in safe working condition. In colder states like Massachusetts, landlords must maintain the property’s minimum heat requirement, usually at least 68°F during the day and 64°F at night (as stated in 105 CMR 410).

Failure to maintain heating systems can lead to legal complaints and rent withholding by tenants.

4. Safe Water Supply and Plumbing

Tenants must have access to clean, running water and working plumbing. Landlords are responsible for fixing leaks, maintaining hot water supply, and ensuring proper sewage disposal.

Massachusetts law also requires that hot water be available at a minimum of 110°F to 130°F for all rental properties.

5. Lead Paint and Asbestos Disclosure

Older homes—especially those built before 1978—may contain lead-based paint, which poses serious health risks, particularly to children. Federal law (Title X of the Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act) requires landlords to:

• Disclose the presence of lead paint.

• Provide tenants with the EPA pamphlet “Protect Your Family From Lead in Your Home.”

• Keep the property lead-safe certified if required.

Similarly, landlords must disclose any known asbestos hazards or remove them safely following EPA and state guidelines.

6. Security and Locks

Landlords must ensure that all doors, windows, and entry points have proper locks and are in good condition. This includes providing new tenants with rekeyed locks or new keys for added security.

Good lighting in entryways, hallways, and parking areas also improves safety and helps prevent crime.

7. Regular Inspections and Prompt Repairs

A responsible landlord conducts routine property inspections to identify potential hazards and ensures prompt repairs when tenants report problems. Ignoring maintenance requests can lead to legal disputes or a tenant’s right to withhold rent.

Tip: Always keep a record of inspection dates, maintenance logs, and communication with tenants. Documentation protects both parties if disputes arise.

8. Legal Responsibilities and Tenant Rights

Landlord-tenant laws vary by state, but generally include:

• Fair Housing compliance: Landlords must not discriminate based on race, religion, gender, disability, or family status.

• Privacy laws: Landlords must give proper notice (typically 24–48 hours) before entering a tenant’s unit, except in emergencies.

• Security deposits: Funds must be handled according to state laws, often requiring placement in an interest-bearing account and a written receipt.

In Massachusetts, the Attorney General’s Office enforces strict guidelines on rental agreements, tenant rights, and property maintenance.

9. Insurance and Liability Protection

Having landlord insurance protects against property damage, tenant injuries, and liability claims. It’s different from homeowner’s insurance and can cover lost rental income if the property becomes uninhabitable due to damage.

Encourage tenants to obtain renter’s insurance as well—it protects their personal belongings and adds an extra layer of protection for both parties.

10. Staying Compliant and Informed

Laws and safety codes evolve, so landlords should stay updated on local housing regulations, inspection requirements, and state mandates. Joining a landlord association or consulting a property management expert can help ensure compliance and prevent costly legal issues.

A successful landlord isn’t just a property owner—they’re a responsible housing provider who values tenant safety and legal compliance. By staying proactive with maintenance, following the law, and keeping open communication with tenants, you can protect your investment while fostering trust and satisfaction.

Whether you manage one unit or an entire portfolio, prioritizing home safety and legal responsibilities benefits both you and your tenants in the long run.

Matt Witte strives to be the best realtor in North Andover, MA.

Any questions about real estate, reach out to Matt Witte, North Andover Realtor, MA